In an allogeneic transplant, stem cells are collected from a matching donor and transplanted into the patient to suppress the disease and restore the patient’s immune system. An allogeneic stem cell transplant is different from an autologous stem cell transplant, which uses stem cells from the patient’s own body. One complication of allogeneic transplantation is that the patient’s body—despite the treatment to suppress the immune system—may reject the donated stem cells before they are able to engraft in the bone marrow. The patient’s immune cells may see the donor’s cells as foreign and destroy them. Another complication of allogeneic transplantation is that the immune cells from the donor (the graft) may attack healthy cells in the patient’s body (host). This is called “graft-versus-host-disease” (GVHD). The parts of the body that are most commonly damaged by GVHD are the skin, intestines, liver, muscles, joints and eyes.
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Journal of Cancer Biology and Clinical Oncology 