Author: cancerbiologyandclinicaloncology

A nutrient in the vitamin B complex that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy. Bacteria that live in the intestines need aminobenzoic acid to survive. Aminobenzoic acid is found in grains and foods from animals. It is being studied as a radiosensitizer (a substance that makes tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy) and in the treatment of certain skin disorders. Also called PABA and para-aminobenzoic acid.

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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. It belongs to the families of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors and protein kinase inhibitors.

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A drug used to treat subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (a type of benign brain tumor) and certain types of seizures in patients who have tuberous sclerosis. Afinitor Disperz blocks a protein involved in cell division, which may help keep abnormal cells from growing. It may also prevent the growth of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. It may also help prevent or treat seizures in some patients. Afinitor Disperz contains the active ingredient everolimus. It is a type of kinase inhibitor and a type of angiogenesis inhibitor.

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A drug used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has spread to other parts of the body. It is used in patients whose cancer has certain mutations (changes) in a gene called epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is also used to treat squamous cell NSCLC that has spread to other parts of the body and got worse after treatment with anticancer drugs that included platinum. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Afatinib dimaleate blocks certain proteins made by the mutated EGFR gene, which may help keep cancer cells from growing. It may also prevent the growth of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. Afatinib dimaleate is a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a type of antiangiogenesis agent. Also called Gilotrif.

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A drug used to treat severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome caused by a type of immunotherapy called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. It is used in patients aged 2 years and older. Actemra is also used to treat certain types of arthritis and a condition that causes inflammation of the lining of the arteries. It is also being studied in the treatment of other conditions. Actemra binds to receptors for a protein called interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is made by white blood cells and other cells in the body. This may help lower the body’s immune response and reduce inflammation. Actemra is a type of monoclonal antibody. Also called tocilizumab.

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A drug usually used to reduce the thickness of mucus and ease its removal. It is also used to reverse the toxicity of high doses of acetaminophen. Also called N-acetyl-L-cysteine and N-acetylcysteine.

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A procedure in which cells are scraped from the lining of the anus (the opening of the rectum to the outside of the body) and looked at under a microscope. It is used to find cancer and changes in cells that may lead to cancer. An anal Pap test can also show conditions that are not cancer, such as infection or inflammation. Also called anal Pap smear.

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A type of steroid that is used in medicine to repair body tissues and to increase appetite and the growth of muscles. Anabolic steroids are made in the laboratory from testosterone (a male hormone).

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Bloom syndrome (often abbreviated as BS in literature), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, predisposition to the development of cancer, and genomic instability. BS is caused by mutations in the BLM gene which is a member of the RecQ DNA helicase family. Mutations in other members of this family, namely WRN and REQL4, are associated with the clinical entities Werner syndrome and Rothman-Thompson syndrome, respectively. More broadly, Bloom syndrome is a member of a class of clinical entities that are characterized by chromosomal instability, genomic instability, or both and by cancer predisposition.

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Ataxia–telangiectasia (AT or A–T), also referred to as ataxia–telangiectasia syndrome or Louis–Bar syndrome, is a rare, neurodegenerative, autosomal recessive disease causing severe disability. Ataxia refers to poor coordination and telangiectasia to small dilated blood vessels, both of which are hallmarks of the disease.

It impairs certain areas of the brain including the cerebellum, causing difficulty with movement and coordination.It weakens the immune system, causing a predisposition to infection.It prevents repair of broken DNA, increasing the risk of cancer.

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